Computers are available in different sizes, shapes and weights. Because of these different sizes and shapes, they perform different functions from each other. These can be classified in different ways. All computers are designed by good computer brains who design these machines according to different situations. A computer used in a home differs in size and shape from a computer used in a healthcare facility. The following sections are going to describe the different groups of computers. "Capacity" refers to a computer's ability to handle work or data processing. Their performance is determined:
The capacity of early generation computers is determined by their physical size, large size, small size, computer-wise, size and operational speed are currently proportional to each other. In general, and yet, recently, technology tends to produce lower drafts, which helps to package the original speed and capacity in a smaller form factor.
Based on Size
Microcomputer
Microcomputers, the mass production of silicon chips since 1917, made it possible to put "brains" in all the wings of machines. An analog machine is a microcomputer. This machine takes full advantage of the large scale integration on silicon chips. A microprocessor is a computer on a chip that can go through the eye of a needle. Microcomputer memories are usually made of semiconductors built into silicon chips. It is a digital computer system under the control of a stored program that uses a microprocessor, programmable read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM). While RAM is the functional complement of computer memory, ROM defines the instructions to be executed by the computer. Currently microcomputers are specialized computers and are commonly called PCs. These are small, very affordable computers designed for specialized use at home or in services.
Minicomputer
Advances in minicomputer technology in 1969 enabled manufacturers to respond to the growing demand for the minicomputer, a similar state-of-the-art machine that larger computers could not economically perform. Minicomputer systems (or small mainframe computers) are preferred over microcomputer systems, operating faster and offering larger storage capacity. These computers can support a large number of high-speed input/output dependencies. Many Office drivers can be used to provide online access to edge data lines as direct access processing requests. Operating systems developed for minicomputer systems typically support both multiprogramming and virtual storage. This means that you can run multiple programs at the same time. This type of computer system is really flexible and can be adapted to meet the needs of stone masons. Although mini computers from Algi are as important as mid- or large-sized computers, it's close enough.
Medium-size computers
Mid-sized computers are preferred over small computer systems for running faster and offering more storage capacity. These computers can support a large number of high-speed input-only dependencies and can use multiple scrap drives to provide online access processing. The ability to increase the data processing capacity of a computer by adding peripherals, analog refresh memory, and other complementary devices is called expansion.
Large Computers
These computers excel in power and speed. These generally have full control systems with minimal driver intervention. Large computer systems range from single-processor configurations to civilian dedicated networks consisting of simple mainframes. Compared to smaller computers, where speed is almost constant, the internal operational efficiency of large computers is measured in nanoseconds.
Mainframe Computers
Mainframes are stoner systems designed to execute millions of instructions per second and process billions of data. They can handle large processing operations in large ships or government agencies. This computer is commonly used in big hospitals, airline booking companies and many other big companies. Mainframe allows its user to maintain large data storage at a centralized location and is suitable for disaggregating this data from different computers located at different locations.
Mainframe computers are normally too expensive and out of reach from a salaried person who wants this computer for his home. Mainframe is the second largest in capability and size of computer family.
Supercomputers
The most precious in price, biggest an fastest machines moment are the supercomputers that are used when billions or indeed trillions of computations are demanded. Supercomputers are extremist fast computers designed to reuse huge quantities of scientific data also display the underpinning patterns that have been discovered. These machines are essential for operations ranging from nuclear armament to accurate rainfall soothsaying. Super Computers are used for largely computation- ferocious tasks similar as molecular modeling, climate exploration, rainfall soothsaying, amount drugs, physical simulations etc.
Supercomputers are machines that have speed in the 100- million- instructions per alternate range. Governments especially use this type of computer for their different computations and heavy duty. Different diligence also use this huge computer for designing their products. It's also used for vitality purpose. The PARAM supercomputer is one of the supercomputer developed by India's Center for Development of Advanced Computing( C- DAC) and promises processing pets of over to 1 trillions instructions per second. Since October 2010, the Tianhe- 1A Supercomputer is considered as the fastest supercomputer in the world which is located in China. Some of the exemplifications of Supercomputer are IBM Blue Gene/ L, IBM Roadrunner, Cray Jaguar etc.
Based on Functionality
There are two type of computer bracket-
1). Analog Computer
2). Digital Computer
Analog computers
The name analog comes from the word "similar" meaning analogous. Analog signal is a nonstop signal whose breadth can take any value in a nonstop range. It can have horizonless number of values. Analog computers deal with amounts that are continuously variable. They give only approximate results. These types of computer give an Analog or simulation of a object or system it represents. It's especially useful for working problems that involve connections between variable amounts in systems that change with time. The analog computer may express changing connections in affair in the form of graphs. It's suitable to produce similar filmland because it responds to changes in electrical voltages that match changes in variable amounts.
Analog computer system is the veritably old computer system which operates on the fine variables in the form of continuously changeable physical amounts realities like mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, etc. They use nonstop values rather than separate values so they work on analog signal. At the time of at the time of the 1950s – 1960s these analog computers were first used. Analog computers are limited in accepting the problems and also they can no way be extremely accurate.
Features of Analog Computers :-
- Uses nonstop signals:- Analog computers use nonstop physical amounts, similar as voltage or current, to represent data and perform computations.
- Real- time processing:- Analog computers are able of performing computations in real- time, which makes them useful in operations similar as scientific simulations and control systems.
- Accuracy:- Analog computers are able of performing computations with high delicacy, but this delicacy is limited by the perfection of the factors used in the system.
- Non-programmable:- Analog computers are generally designed to perform specific types of computations and can not be programmed to perform other functions.
Digital computer
It's a machine that specializes in counting. It operates by counting values that are separate, or separate and distinct, unlike the nonstop amounts that can be measured by the analog computer. Digital signal is a separate time signal that has a separate number of situations. It can only assume one of the two values 0 or 1. While analog technology uses nonstop signals, digital technology encodes the information into separate signal countries.
Digital Computers are used for both business data processing and delicacy. The introductory operation performed by a digital computer is addition. It can store the totalities of addition problems as the accumulate, and can complete a signal computation in a bit of a minute. The digital computer is able of storing data as long as demanded, performing logical operations, editing input data, and publishing out the results of its processing at high speed. Advantages of digital systems include flexible processing, easy to design, delicacy and Precision, simple operation, easy data storehouse, lower prone to noises etc.
Digital computers are the computer systems/ machines which uses the double number system, which has two integers 0 and 1 and performs numerous computational tasks. It processes the data represented in separate and the main three factors of digital computers are input, processing and affair. The first digital computer was designed for numerical calculations in the late 1940s. Digital computers give results with further delicacy as it isn't dependent upon physical amounts for recycling a task.
Features of Digital Computers:-
- Uses binary Code:- Digital computers use double law, which is a combination of bottoms and bones , to represent data and perform computations.
- Programmable:- Digital computers are able of being programmed to perform a wide variety of computations and functions, making them largely protean.
- Storage:- Digital computers can store large quantities of data and recoup it snappily.
- Accuracy:- Digital computers are able of performing computations with high delicacy, which is limited by the perfection of the digital factors used in the system.
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Hybrid Computer
Hybrid Computers Although both analog and digital computers are extremely used and extensively accepted in colorful diligence, manufacturers have two attempt to design a computer that combines the stylish features of both types. This special- purpose machine called a cold-blooded computer which combines the measuring capabilities of the analog computer and the logical and control capabilities of the digital computer. It offers and effective and provident system of working out special types of problems in wisdom and colorful areas of engineering. some mongrel machines contain special outfit to convert analog voltages into digital voltages, and vice-versa.
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